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the online engineering tools and calculators which provide a reliable foundation for data-driven research, design optimization, and performance evaluation. They are tailored to support learning, experimentation, and professional engineering practice across multiple disciplines.
Flow Rate Calculator
This calculator determines the flow rate (Q) based on pipe diameter (D) and fluid velocity (V).
Formula: Q = π × (D² / 4) × V
where: Q = Flow rate (m³/s) | D = Pipe diameter (m) | V = Flow velocity (m/s)
Irrigation System Design Calculator
This calculator estimates the total discharge (Q) and pressure head (H) required for drip or sprinkler irrigation systems.
Formulas: Q = n × q and H = hf + hl + hr
where: Q = total discharge (L/h), n = number of emitters, q = discharge per emitter (L/h), H = total head (m), hf = friction loss (m), hl = elevation head (m), hr = required operating pressure (m)
Pump Power Requirement Calculator
This calculator estimates the pump power requirement based on flow rate (Q), total head (H), and pump efficiency (η).
Formula: P = (ρ × g × Q × H) / (1000 × η)
where: ρ = Fluid density (kg/m³, water ≈ 1000) | g = 9.81 m/s² | Q = Flow rate (m³/s) | H = Head (m) | η = Pump efficiency (decimal)
Fertilizer Application Rate Calculator
This calculator determines the fertilizer application rate (R) in kilograms per hectare based on the total fertilizer amount applied (F) and the treated area (A).
Formula: R = F / A
where: R = Application rate (kg/ha) | F = Total fertilizer applied (kg) | A = Area treated (ha)
Water Use Efficiency (WUE) Estimator
This calculator determines the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of a crop, representing how effectively irrigation water is converted into crop yield.
Formula: WUE = Y / W
where: WUE = Water Use Efficiency (kg/m³) | Y = Crop Yield (kg/ha) | W = Total Water Applied (m³/ha)
Evapotranspiration (ET) Calculator
This calculator estimates Reference Evapotranspiration (ET₀) using the Hargreaves equation, based on temperature and extraterrestrial radiation.
Formula: ET₀ = 0.0023 × (Tmean + 17.8) × (Tmax − Tmin)0.5 × Ra
where: ET₀ = Reference ET (mm/day) | Tmean, Tmax, Tmin = Temperatures (°C) | Ra = Extraterrestrial radiation (MJ/m²/day)
Absolute Humidity and Air Quality for Poultry & Greenhouse Systems
This calculator estimates the relationship between temperature, relative humidity, and CO₂ concentration to assess ventilation and air quality efficiency in controlled environments.
Formula: AH = (6.112 × exp((17.67 × T) / (T + 243.5)) × RH × 2.1674) / (273.15 + T)
where: AH = absolute humidity (g/m³) | T = temperature (°C) | RH = relative humidity (%) | CO₂ = concentration (ppm)
Solar Panel System Design Calculator
Estimate PV array size, battery capacity, inverter size, and charge controller current from your load and solar data.
Formula Summary:
Qpv = (E / (PSH × η)),
Battery (Ah) = (E × Days) / (V × DOD),
Inverter (kW) ≈ Peak Load × 1.2 / 1000,
Controller (A) = (Qpv / V) × 1.2